Turbine.



PATENTBD JAN. '7, 1908.

B. HEYMANN.

TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED AUG.24. 190s.

Figz [n ventor 4.To all ritmo-y concern;

' STATE-S ,PATENT essieu.

BRUNO Ascrittura', or MILLERs, NEVADA. minimun.

Specification of. Letters l Patent'.

Patented Jan. 7,1908.

apaisant sled lingua 24.1906. staal No. 331.840.

13e it vknownthat I; BRUNoH'EYMA'NNpresiding at Millers, in the countyof Esmeralda and State of Nevada, have invented certain new'T and useful`improvements in Turbine C onstrl'iction,A of which the following is a'full,`

clear,and exact description, such as Iwill enf able others v.skilled int pertains to make and use the same.

This invention relatesto fluid ressure e'ngi r 1es, and morespeeicallyfto t ose ofthe One of t e objects thereofis to provide-'anAnother Objectis topijovide1 a.steam'tur-- 'bine i1'1" W -hichfthemotlve iiuid is econo'mically used andthe .vanos su-bjectedmerely to.,-theaction o dry steani. Another object is 'f-tofprovidea .turbinecharacterized by Aa Wide rangeo control. i j

["Othe'r objectsI will be in part obvious and- -in art'pointedout`hereinafterf' he.. invention. accordingly' consists 1n thefeatures of construction, -'combin'ation's of elements and; arrangementofv parts, which vwiglljbe eXempli-iied in"the.construction hereinafter'set forth', Jandthescope, ofthe appl- -Qdtibltvof .whic'hfvvill beindicated 'in the .101" claims'. ln t "aaoco'mpanyin :drawingwhereinare'shown 'one jo'r :more So fthe'l various possible embodiments oftheseveral features of this; ,inventon,'-j-Figure 1' is'- a sectionalelevation of ai'luid turbine oi the multiplestage type.v

Fig is-a similarglview ofagsngle stage tur-' r- .referencel charactersrefer tosimilar; parts throng tout both views of thel dmw' '45m-f.

" h, orderthatlcertainfeatures of 'thisinvention may bereadily and,fullyfgrasped, it

may here benoted that in connection .with turu lbines there isingeneral' an aXial"-tl1 'rust, 'due to the .components of the forcesaotingupon v p about the-.substantial equalization of 'the ou'tv Wa'rdthrust exerted upon the shaitBfby the the running blades or vane'sextend-.ing in this direction; which often reachesa high value,

with a consequent Waste of energy adwear of;

pnr'tsby friction.' .If it beattempted to take -up this thrust by meansofheavy thrust bear-ff i'wsor balancing pistons not onlyisthe tur-1'binexlengthened and rendered more heavy,

cumbersome and complicated, but the parts exposed thereto on account ofthe high speed ofthe 'shaftand the great pressure developed are inconstant need ofrepair brrenewal. It may also be noted that in turbineconstruction in which it is necessary to provide stutting boxes about arotary shaft, if the 'steam brother-fluid employed be of a considerable:pressure thereis-a :tendency'to leak at this point, with acorresponding waste of (luid and' delay and annoyance in the running of'the engine." :It may also be noted that the useofdry steam is highlyimportant in turbines, not only as a matter of etliciency but in ordervto Vprevent -the wearing away ofthe blades by the articles of watercontained in -Wet steam. nother feature to which attention should be.directed is that turbines in generalcan .be controlled in speed andpower merely by the throttling ofthe steam supply,

' and have not the additional range of control which obtains inreciprocating engines by the variation of the cut-off. The above andother defects' are eliminated and many posi- :tive advanta Ves obtainedin constructions of the-nature o thatherein described.

Referring now. to Fi 1 of the accompany/f ing. drawingfthere is s own atwostage .tur' .bine in which the steam or other motive fluid 4issupplied through the inlet A. From this point, as `indicatedby thearrows, the steam' passes through the sets of stationary-vanes Aalternating with the sets of running vanes jB which, .as 1s lcommon inturbinesoi this Ueneral t pe,"'are fast upon the shaitBl.

ough the cylinder in which these v'anes are mounted ,thesteamenters aspace orchamber and flows-in the reversedu'ec-f tion, indicated i by thearrows, `toward 'ports C', being guided as by the deilecting sheetD.From' portsA C the steam passes throu h sets 'of-running and stationary.Yanes Ela-n Erespectively, these parts being of, suitable form andmounting, 'to correspond with a reduced pressure of ,the steam. Fromthev 'latter vanes the steam passes throu h( the exhaust porti?, eithervto the atmosp ere-or. acon-` denser F. The several varies are lso proortioned- 1x1-'number and form as to bring parts of'theturbine` Anauxiliary inlet Q il is preferably providedy at one end ofy the ture ibine, the same leading into an annular passage G', .fromvhich itdischarges into :the chamber C' as by the ilaring nozzles H. 'By

this meansfin case of an excessive load upon-v the turbine, live steammay be led directly into the receiver of the exhaust of' the highpressure element, thus raising the pressure of the steam to which thelower pressure element is exposed vand increasing the range off controlabove that obtainable by throttling Vthe main steam supply. The shaft Bat the. points at which it is journaled Within the cas-f Wellestablished that bearings of this type are packed Without difliculty.against the sucking or indrawing action of a vacuum,

The bearihg Lis exposed to pressure upon both sides, and the diil'erenceis `merely that between the high and loW ressure steam, thus renderingthe leakage re Work. .At this point, desired, .a throttling stuffing boxmay beprovided so as to permit any desired passage of steam andthusin!`crease still further .the range of control ofthe ,A

turbine.

In Fig. 2

matter. In this embodiment an'inlle't is lprovided at M near the centerofjthe turbine,

from which it is deilectedby the-,plate,M` throughout systems of vanes'N and() to.-

ward exhaust'passages I. y In this manner the opposedaxialthrustsare'balancedv It may here be noted that the term f turbinev isused through this description in the,l following claims in a broad senseas coniprehendinga rotary fluid-driven eng1ne,whether of the action orre-a'ction type, and Whether horizontallygvertically or other-Wisedisposed.

The operation ofl the abovet-d'escribedY embodiments of this 'invention'Willv be, clear from a description of that of the form shown. in Fig. 1:-'l`he stearn'fenterin'g at A and, -f passing through the high"pressure,elementy as `above described, turns upon itself andy passestoward -the low pressure element, Sthus enveloping the outer Wall'slpof.the press,

atively small, and this leaka e moreover is not Wastedbut en?, tersdirect y into the low pressure element ofl the turbine, in which. it.performs useful,

of the drawing is shoWna single,"I stage turbine embodyingV certainIfeatures lof' invention, the construction off which should be in alarge part clear fromthe above,

f Yer/5,912

sure'icyliniier a'ii'dzkeepiiig them .i at laliigh temperature, with aconsequent diminution ofacondensation thereon, assuming the turbine tobe steam driven,v The high tempera@ fture'of these Walls, moreover,occasioned by the corresponding pressure of the boiler ',steamf, tendstoheat land in some cases su-v perheat, the exhaust steam passing 4aboutthe same, and evaporates the particles of moisture which would otherwise-obtain therein.

pressure element are enhanced, with a conse- In this manner thetemperature' and drynessoi" the steam entering the low quent increase inpower, andby reason of'its l dry character the Wearing away ofthe vanes'by friction with particles of' water is done away with.` Frornthe 10Wpressure element the steam passes to the 'condenser as above described,and the pressures may sovchosen `as to avoid all tendency to leakage atthe stuliing boxes, as has already been set forth.

It will thus be seen that there is provided a construction in which theseveral objects ,above mentioned' are, among others, achieved,-y andthat this construction isI of the simplest and most inexpensive type. ItWill also be noted that not only is the' efficiency of action of theengine enhanced and its range of 4power increased to `a marked degree,but vthese',objects are attained not by the usc-oi" auxiliary mechanism,but,4 in large'part, by doing away with elements-already' in vgeneraluse. The entire apparatusis simple,-*d'ura`` ble and compact, andi's-Well adaptedtowi'thstand hard, practical use. .v

above constructionl ,andI -manyja parentl'y Widely ydifferentembodiments 'of t 's'in'v'eiiioster (contained in the above "descriptionor 'f shown 'in the` accompanyingdrawing's shall'f" be interpreted as'illustrative and "ngt inf'gj .y d l ,i n `l1'0 Having describedray-invention, what' tIl limiting sense.

claim as 'new and ldesire'tol seciir'ehy' Letters f l.` 'Inconstructionfof the class describedg in combination, ahigh pressurec'ylindei,a lo'W',l pressure cylinder, apassage e'xtending about saidhigh` 4pressure,cylinder throughout sub-'ff stantially vtheentireflength thereof, means adapted tolead a Huid to'said high pressurecylinder, and means adapted tolead the ex` haus-t from said highpressure `cylinderthrough 1 said; passage tol said low V,pressure'"cylinder" whereby said high pressure cylinder is ack-g.

veted. by .the steam passing to said loW pressure lcylinlderl i i f 1, y2. In c onstri'iction of the {classl'de'scribed'} in combination, ashaft, afhigh pressiireset* set of vanesv mounted thereon, 'meansadepti. ed. to lead 1a iiuid throughsaid righ pressure set of venes end:ulopted to re l eeive the exhaust therefrom and lend the saine to smidlow pressure set ol` venes, :rnd

means adapted to leed said exhaust through i sind low pressure set ofvenes 1n :i direetion g substantially opposlte to that of its pnssege fthrough said high pressure venes.

3. ln construction of the class described, 1n eoinhlnation, a shaft, ahigh pressure set of vanes mounted thereon, a low pressure set of` meansadapted to.

vanes mounted thereon, lead a, -fluid through said high pressure set ofvenes in a predetermined direction, apassage extending about andjacketing sind high pressure set of lvenes. and adapted to f receivetheexhaust therefrom and lead the f sinne to soul low pressure set oltvenes, and

substantiall, \Y opposite to that ol: its passage through siiil highpressure vaines, said high und low pressure sets ol" Yanes being adoptedto exert suhstinitially equal and opposite thrusts upon the shaft uponwhich they are l mounted.

.ln testiinouv whereof I nllix my signature in the presenee olC twowitnesses.

BRUNO HEYMANN. Witnesses;

FRANK X. MURPHY, J. R. CUNNINGHAM.

menus uihrpled to lend said exhaust through 20 sand lowy pressure set olvaines 1n n direct-lon'

